Showing posts with label AIDS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label AIDS. Show all posts

Saturday, April 17, 2010

The sick monk and Obama


When President Barack Obama on Friday signed a memorandum that, in part, granted visitation rights and the power to make medical decisions to the same-sex partners of hospitalized homosexuals, the reactions were unsurprising. There were those who lauded the decision, and those who decried it. Those on both sides by and large view this issue with a political perspective. But when you pause for a moment and view this decision as a simple act of empowering the compassionate, it becomes clear that politics or homosexuality or a gay agenda have nothing to do with this. Sort of.

The Mahavagga has a beautiful lesson by the Buddha regarding tending to the sick. In the Kucchivikara-vatthu, the Buddha admonishes a group of monks who failed to tend to a monk stricken with dysentery. The indifference by the others shown toward this ill monk is shocking. When the Buddha asks the monk why no one attends to his needs, the monk replies, “I don’t do anything for the monks, lord, which is why they don’t attend to me.”

Just 20 years ago, hundreds of thousands of gay men were dying from AIDS, many in obscurity. What I mean by obscurity is when an obituary appeared in a local paper, the cause of death was frequently coded: he died from a long illness, was the most common. Sometimes, a specific cause of death was given, such as toxoplasmosis or PCP – pneumocystis pneumonia – but these illnesses among humans are so rare and unknown that only other gays would understand what had happened. And because these obituaries were written by family members, usually parents, there was seldom any mention of a boyfriend or partner. If he were mentioned, it was again obliquely: survived by a long-time friend.

The final insult was often the burial. It was not uncommon for committed partners to purchase cemetery plots together, but there was no guarantee that this would be honored by any surviving family. I remember one story in particular in which the family completely cut off their son’s partner following the son’s death. They wanted to bury their son in a family plot that would eventually exclude the surviving partner. The surviving partner took the matter to court to show that they had purchased plots together, but the judge ruled in favor of the family: the surviving partner had no claim to assert, no legal standing to challenge the wishes of “the family.”

That was then, and as the cliché goes, this is now. In the mid-1990s, protease inhibitors hit the market, dramatically extending the lives of HIV positive individuals, even if they were already diagnosed with AIDS. A savior had come forward for us and his name was David Ho. A good friend of mine was such a case. His T-cell count had dropped to near zero, in part because he refused to take AZT, the treatment widely used at the time. As my friend said to me, “All my friends took AZT, and now they’re all dead.” It turned out to be a good decision, because when protease inhibitors became available, my friend got started on the regimen, and now roughly 30 years after being infected, he remains alive.

Nothing, however, occurs in a vacuum. As HIV-infected gay men started to live longer and healthier, the death rates dropped, and so did interest in keeping AIDS on the front page. The drugs also gave families with gay sons more time to accept this thing called homosexuality. Visiting gymnasiums at colleges and high schools to see the Names Project quilt suddenly seemed quaint rather than important. Now the horror is far away in a place called Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.

But we still die, just like everyone else. And while it may not have come for the hundreds of thousands that died alone before, or who died separated from the one they really loved, it has finally come, the awareness that no matter who you are, when you are sick and about to die, there shouldn’t be anyone other than you deciding who gets to be by your side.

It’s not a gay thing. It’s not a political thing. It is simple decency. It is compassion. And it’s about time.

Tuesday, October 27, 2009

Papavagga: Evil


When I think of the word evil, I think really seriously malicious and harmful acts. I mean, evil is EVIL! The connotation this word carries is ominous. The icons of evil in almost all cultures are easy to spot, as they are normally represented by fierce and ugly looking creatures or people. Evil is scarey! It’s not a word you would necessarily run into much disagreement over with others.

I think we can agree that murder is evil; stealing from an 80-year-old woman is evil; torturing a child is evil; rape is evil.

What about theft? I think we can find agreement that it is wrong, but is it evil? And to what degree? What about lying? It is evil to promise someone you will do something for them, and then intentionally fail to deliver on that promise, making up an excuse as to why you didn’t do as you said you would? Wrong, yes, but evil?

This is why I believe that for some folks the Papavagga in the Dhammapada might be read as common sense advice, but probably not something that directly relates to them.

“Be quick in doing
What’s admirable.
Restrain your mind
from what’s evil.
When you’re slow
in making merit,
evil delights the mind.”

No one thinks of themselves as being evil. Yet when I look at the alternative translation of this chapter, I find that the word “evil” is still being used. And the term is juxtaposed with the term “merit,” which certainly doesn’t carry the connotative weight that the word “evil” does. So for me to get anything out of these verses, I don’t think of the word “evil” as meaning “EVIL.” Rather, I think of it as representing any intentional, unskillful, malicious and ill-mannered act, because as you read the rest of the verses, you begin to see that the consequences for any of the enumerated traits I listed are the same as for what is generally considered as “evil.”

“If a person does evil,
he shouldn’t do it again & again,
shouldn’t develop a penchant for it.
To accumulate evil
brings pain.

If a person makes merit,
he should do it again & again,
should develop a penchant for it.
To accumulate merit
brings ease.”

That repetition is the mother of learning is a universal concept in all cultures. Everything becomes easier with repetition. The first lie you ever told in your life I bet was a real chore to get out because you knew it was wrong to lie. But I bet the last lie you told was accomplished with greater ease, even if you still felt guilt while telling it or remorse afterward. And each time you tell one, it will get easier. Which is why the Buddha instructed us to stop these actions before they develop into habits. And it is also why the Buddha instructed that making merit, or doing good things that benefit others, will also become easier to accomplish if done repeatedly. For some of us, being altruistic doesn’t come naturally; we need practice.

“Even the evil
meet with good fortune
as long as their evil
has yet to mature.
But when it’s matured
That’s when they meet
with evil.

Even the good
meet with bad fortune
as long as their good
has yet to mature.
But when it’s matured
That’s when they meet
with good fortune.”

While the essence of kamma is the law of cause and effect, that unskillful acts bring poor results and skillful acts bring good results, kamma is not strictly linear. It is a very complex set of feedback cycles that includes everything we have done in the past, as well as what we are doing in the present. It is very possible that despite all the good actions we engage in, we may still encounter unpleasant results, uncooperative people, even resistance or pain. And yes, everyday we see people do shitty things to us or others and we see them get away with it.

Indulge me with a story. Consider one of my best friends, a man with the kindest heart and a willingness to do what he can to help others. Why does he suffer with AIDS? In the late 1990s, his doctor was trying a new medication on him. He developed a peculiar ache and coldness in his right leg from about his groin down to his foot. He called the doctor because he thought it was a reaction to the medication, but the nurse, who would not bother the doctor at home, assured him that was not the case; just keep taking the medication. Like a good patient, my friend listened to the nurse’s advice.

But later the pain in his leg was so intense he couldn’t stand it, plus he noticed his foot was turning blue. He attempted to hobble into his car to drive himself to the emergency room, but he couldn’t do it; he called an ambulance. Within minutes of his arrival to the emergency room, the cause of his pain was identified; his new medication had caused a clot to form in his femoral artery, blocking virtually all blood to his right leg. The clot was so severe that had it come loose, it could become lodged in his lungs, heart or brain and kill him. They put him on a slow drip dose of a blood thinner that slowly dissolved the clot, all the while keeping a close eye on his lower leg and foot; they weren’t sure the limb would fully recover, that amputation might be necessary.

My friend fully recovered and found a new doctor who knew a heck of a lot more about how to treat AIDS than his previous doctor. Many suggested to my friend that he should sue his former doctor for malpractice, but he said no, “I’m not that way. I’m not a vengeful person.” However, a month or so later, an outlet in his former doctor’s home shorted out and caused a fire, and the doctor’s $1 million home was razed.

More than 10 years after this, my friend is still alive while so many others have died.

“Don’t underestimate evil
(‘It won’t amount to much’).
A water jar fills,
even with water
falling in drops.
With evil — even if
bit
by
bit,
habitually —
the fool fills himself full.

Don’t underestimate merit
(‘It won’t amount to much’).
A water jar fills,
even with water
falling in drops.
With merit — even if
bit
by
bit,
habitually —
the enlightened one fills himself full.”

Yes, at times it can seem that we’re not getting any benefit out of the good things we do, and sometimes we think that a minor slight here or there won’t amount to much. But kamma is cumulative, as is merit.

“Like a merchant with a small
but well-laden caravan
— a dangerous road,
like a person who loves life
— a poison,
one should avoid
— evil deeds.”

It’s just good sense, right? There are a few more verses, but there’s no point in mentioning them here. Just read them for yourself. But I will end with the final set as a reminder that no matter where you go, there you are.

“Not up in the air,
nor in the middle of the sea,
nor going into a cleft in the mountains
— nowhere on earth —
is a spot to be found
where you could stay & escape
your evil deed.

Not up in the air,
nor in the middle of the sea,
nor going into a cleft in the mountains
— nowhere on earth —
is a spot to be found
where you could stay & not succumb
to death.”

(Note: The photo with this post is of Raja’s Noodle House in Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, which was hit by one of three terrorist bombs in October 2005. I took the photo three weeks after the bombing. There was still bits of broken glass and shrapnel on the sidewalks all along the street.)

Saturday, October 10, 2009

Death as a teacher


Jack Daw over at Sweep the Dust, Push the Dirt, always has great posts, but lately he’s written a couple that have really sparked my thoughts, prompting me to share my own experiences on these topics. His post regarding death really struck a chord with me. In particular, his mention of the Five Remembrances, which I know as the Five Recollections, prompted me to resume something that had been missing from my meditative practice for quite some time.

Contemplating death ought to be an important part of anyone’s Buddhist practice, but as Jack points out, it’s a subject often treated superficially, if it gets any attention at all. Yet our serious contemplation on this subject can be transformative, as indicated by this passage, taken from Ten Dhamma Talks by Sister Ayya Khema:

“If we really believe in our impending death, not just use the words, our attitude towards people and situations changes completely. We are no longer the same person then. The one we have been until now hasn’t brought us complete satisfaction, contentment and peacefulness … If we were to remember each morning that death is certain, but now have another day to live, gratitude and determination can arise to do something useful with that day.”

Let me take the risk of boring all of you with my personal journey with death. Fair warning, I’m afraid this is going to be a long post. But death has been one of my teachers for a long time, despite the fact I was, for the most part, completely oblivious to its lessons.

It was either Flag Day or Independence Day in 1968 when I awoke at home completely alone. It unnerved me a bit, as I was only 9 years old, that I could wake to an empty house like that. I don’t have a clear memory of how the news was eventually delivered to me, but I learned later that day that my father had a heart attack while he was putting the flag up on our front porch. He was in the hospital in something called intensive care. That was it, that’s all anyone told me. And for years I had no idea what a heart attack was, or that my father had a very close brush with death.

Fast forward to 1972 when I was 14. I was out riding my motorcycle around a lake where my parents were building their retirement home when I came upon a scene of people watching a rescue crew pull a body from the water. I watched and listened, gathering enough information to learn that a man was water skiing in an area of the lake that he shouldn’t have been, because when he fell, he struck his head on a stump in the water. It was the first dead body I had ever seen, yet my reaction to seeing the corpse was barely discernable. I didn’t know who this man was; but there it was – death.

I’m pretty sure it was that same summer when I begrudgingly helped my father and a brother-in-law dig trenches around what was to be our new home near the lake to bury Styrofoam around the foundation to increase the house’s energy efficiency. I hated doing this laborious work and wanted to be doing anything but that. My utter uselessness led to my father’s frustration and he angrily told me to get the hell out of there and do whatever I damn pleased. I did and went off riding my motorcycle. When I returned later in the afternoon, dad was lying in bed. Mom told me that he had angina; again, no real explanation of what that meant. But I remember quietly walking down the hall to peak into their bedroom to see him lying on the bed, resting. At that moment, I finally understood what a heart attack was.

An interesting aside: My father was born in 1910 when Halley’s Comet passed by the Earth. He died in 1986 when Halley’s Comet last passed by the Earth. It was a heart attack that killed him.
My father, I slowly learned, was a very compassionate man. We had Siamese cats, two of them. They both caught feline leukemia. When the first was so sick it was beyond help, he placed it into a large hat box, which he took out to the edge of the woods by our house where he would shoot it with my .22 rifle. But he couldn’t bear to see the animal as he shot it, so he left the lid on the box. Of course, he missed making a fatal shot. Up in the house as I watched out the window, I could hear the cat’s shrieking and reflexive thumping against the side of the hat box as my father fumbled with the rifle, a single-shot bolt action weapon, as he tried as quickly as possible to insert another bullet. When he successfully managed that, he pushed the lid off the box and fired point-blank.

When the next cat became so ill that death was inevitable, he and I together did things differently. He was a biology teacher. We went to his classroom and picked up a plastic funnel, a large wad of cotton, and a bottle of ether. We soaked the cotton with the ether, put the cotton into the funnel then placed the funnel over the cat’s head. It was so weak it just lied there. Slowly, quietly, it died.

I didn’t “come out” to my family until I was 35 years old, and the first person I told was my mother. I was quite fearful of her reaction as the Catholic Church was her life and we all know how accommodating the Catholic doctrine is of homosexuality. I had been away from home for a very long time and did not know that the priest in her parish at that time had brought a very positive message to the congregation about gays and, most importantly, AIDS. She showed me an article about the priest that mentioned another man named Mark who was living with AIDS. The writer quoted Mark as saying that he lived in a remote area and sometimes needed help with simple things like housekeeping or getting to the doctor. I decided to give Mark a call and offer my help.

I could tell Mark was suspicious of my intentions when I called him, but he agreed to meet me at his uncle’s house, as he did not want me to know where he lived yet. When we met, he revealed that he knew who I was, that he remembered me because we went to high school together. He was a year ahead of me, and we had never associated with each other, so I had no recollection of him. We became friends and I would visit him from time to time to watch movies and call him more frequently to chat.

One night I gave him a call to see how he was doing. When he answered, I could hear he was weak, his voice distant and faint. He told me he was having a bout of fever. I asked if he needed anything, but he didn’t reply. All I could hear was his wheezy, raspy breathing. I told him I was on my way over. It was about a 20 mile drive. When I arrived he appeared to feel better than he sounded on the phone. As long as I was there, he suggested, why don’t we watch a movie? During the movie the fever returned; I could hear his raspy and labored breathing. I moved from my chair to the couch where he lay, sat so he could lay against me and I put my arms around his chest. We sat like that and watched the rest of the movie.

It was very late when I left. He later told me that the following day he drove himself four hours to the V.A. hospital in Ann Arbor (he was ex-Navy, honorable discharge) where he was treated for PCP, a rare form of pneumonia that was a common killer among AIDS patients. A year later, he drove by himself from Michigan to San Francisco where he died a few months later.

At that time, I think every gay man thought about how he may die. We all, I think, wondered what we would do, how we would behave, when we received that information that many of us believed to be inevitable – that we have AIDS and were going to die. Getting the results for every HIV test I had was always a time when I had to face my mortality. And every time I wondered what I would do, how I would feel, should I learn I was positive. I’ve been fortunate when so many others have not.

And so when I came to Buddhism, my teacher impressed upon me how important recognizing the inevitability of death was, its utter certainty. And I realized how much I had already encountered death, and how I was continuing to encounter it. I just hadn’t always been paying attention.

My teacher talked about how monks would go to cemeteries in the middle of the night to meditate and contemplate death. I couldn’t do that, but interestingly, I had a book about homicide reporting – I was a police reporter for a newspaper at the time – that had all kinds of grisly photos of corpses in various states of decay. I didn’t like looking at those photos because my monkey mind always set an emotional trap for me, leading me to think about that “poor dead person,” how they “must have suffered at the hands of their killer.” But the point of meditating on death, my teacher emphasized, it to realize that our body is not who we are, it’s just a body. And the photos of decaying corpses and dismembered homicide victims in my book were not images of people – they’re just bodies.

I have a different attitude about death now than I did in the past. But there is still something very important for me to do that I haven’t done, and that is use death as an appropriate motivator. Death can be a useful tool to prompt us into action, to take the steps we know we ought to, but just haven’t gotten around to taking.

The notion that death waits for no one is a worthy one for contemplation.